n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
The vulnerability results from insufficient isolation of the expression evaluation context supplied by users during workflow configuration. These expressions are evaluated in an execution environment that is not properly separated from the system layer. An authenticated attacker can craft a malicious expression that, when evaluated, will cause execution of arbitrary system commands with the privileges of the n8n process (CWE-913 — improper management of external code resources).
Successful exploitation enables complete takeover of the n8n instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, workflow modification, and execution of operating system level operations.
n8n must be urgently updated to version 1.120.4, 1.121.1, or 1.122.0, which introduce additional security controls limiting expression evaluation. If immediate update is not possible, temporarily restrict permissions to create and edit workflows to fully trusted users only and run n8n in an environment with limited operating system privileges and network access. These workarounds do not completely eliminate risk and should be applied short-term only.
n8n in versions 0.211.0 to 1.120.3 (inclusive), prior to patched versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:HN8n
APPN8N1.121.00.211.0 – 1.120.4 (bez)
CISA KEV — detailsi
- Vendori
- n8n
- Producti
- n8n
- Added to KEVi
- March 11, 2026
- Remediation deadline (US Federal)i
- March 25, 2026(overdue)
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
n8n contains an improper control of dynamically managed code resources vulnerability in its workflow expression evaluation system that allows for remote code execution.
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